ASTM E1706-05e1
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates

Standard No.

ASTM E1706-05e1

Release Date

2005

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM E1706-05(2010)

Latest

ASTM E1706-20

Scope

General:

Sediment provides habitat for many aquatic organisms and is a major repository for many of the more persistent chemicals that are introduced into surface waters. In the aquatic environment, most anthropogenic chemicals and waste materials including toxic organic and inorganic chemicals eventually accumulate in sediment. Mounting evidences exists of environmental degradation in areas where USEPA Water Quality Criteria (WQC; (65)) are not exceeded, yet organisms in or near sediments are adversely affected (66). The WQC were developed to protect organisms in the water column and were not directed toward protecting organisms in sediment. Concentrations of contaminants in sediment may be several orders of magnitude higher than in the overlying water; however, bulk sediment concentrations have not been strongly correlated to bioavailability (67). Partitioning or sorption of a compound between water and sediment may depend on many factors including: aqueous solubility, pH, redox, affinity for sediment organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon, grain size of the sediment, sediment mineral constituents (oxides of iron, manganese, and aluminum), and the quantity of acid volatile sulfides in sediment (40, 41). Although certain chemicals are highly sorbed to sediment, these compounds may still be available to the biota. Chemicals in sediments may be directly toxic to aquatic life or can be a source of chemicals for bioaccumulation in the food chain.

The objective of a sediment test is to determine whether chemicals in sediment are harmful to or are bioaccumulated by benthic organisms. The tests can be used to measure interactive toxic effects of complex chemical mixtures in sediment. Furthermore, knowledge of specific pathways of interactions among sediments and test organisms is not necessary to conduct the tests (68). Sediment tests can be used to: (1) determine the relationship between toxic effects and bioavailability, (2) investigate interactions among chemicals, (3) compare the sensitivities of different organisms, (4) determine spatial and temporal distribution of contamination, (5) evaluate hazards of dredged material, (6) measure toxicity as part of product licensing or safety testing, (7) rank areas for clean up, and (8) estimate the effectiveness of remediation or management practices.

A variety of methods have been developed for assessing the toxicity of chemicals in sediments using amphipods, midges, polychaetes, oligochaetes, mayflies, or cladocerans (Section 13 and 14; Annex A1 to Annex A5; (2), (4), (356), (390). Several endpoints are suggested in these methods to measure potential effects of contaminants in sediment including survival, growth, behavior, or reproduction; however, survival of test organisms in 10-day exposures is the endpoint most commonly reported. These short-term exposures which only measure effects on survival can be used to identify high levels of contamination in sediments, but may not be able to identify moderate levels of contamination in sediments (USEPA (2); Sibley et al., (54); Sibley et al., (55); Sibley et al., (69); Benoit et al., (70); Ingersoll et al., (56)). Sublethal endpoints in sediment tests might also prove to be better estimates of resp......

ASTM E1706-05e1 Referenced Document

• ASTM D1129 Standard Terminology Relating to Water
• ASTM D4387 Standard Guide for Selecting Grab Sampling Devices for Collecitng Benthic Macroinvertebrates
• ASTM D4447 Standard Guide for Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals and Samples
• ASTM E105 Standard Practice for Probability Sampling Of Materials
• ASTM E1193 Standard Guide for Conducting Daphnia magna Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests
• ASTM E122 Standard Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for Characteristic of a Lot or Process
• ASTM E1241 Standard Guide for Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests with Fishes
• ASTM E1295 Standard Guide for Conducting Three-Brood, Renewal Toxicity Tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia
• ASTM E1325 Standard Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments
• ASTM E1367 Standard Guide for Conducting 10-day Static Sediment Toxicity Tests with Marine and Estuarine Amphipods
• ASTM E1391 Standard Guide for Collection, Storage, Characterization, and Manipulation of Sediments for Toxicological Testing
• ASTM E1402 Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling
• ASTM E141 Standard Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the Results of Probability Sampling
• ASTM E1525 Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments
• ASTM E1688 Standard Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates
• ASTM E177 Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• ASTM E178 Standard Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
• ASTM E1847 Standard Practice for Statistical Analysis of Toxicity Tests Conducted Under ASTM Guidelines
• ASTM E1850 Standard Guide for Selection of Resident Species as Test Organisms for Aquatic and Sediment Toxicity Tests
• ASTM E29 Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• ASTM E456 Standard Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics
• ASTM E691 Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• ASTM E729 Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians
• ASTM E943 Standard Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental Fate
• IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Metric Practice

ASTM E1706-05e1 history

• 2020 ASTM E1706-20 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates
• 2019 ASTM E1706-19 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates
• 2005 ASTM E1706-05(2010) Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates
• 2005 ASTM E1706-05e1 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates
• 2005 ASTM E1706-05 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates
• 2004 ASTM E1706-04 Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates
• 2000 ASTM E1706-00e2 Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates
• 2000 ASTM E1706-00e1 Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Fresh Water Invertebrates
• 2000 ASTM E1706-00 Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Fresh Water Invertebrates