ASTM D93-20
Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

Standard No.

ASTM D93-20

Release Date

2020

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Latest

ASTM D93-20

Scope

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 °C to 370 °C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus, and the determination of the flash point of biodiesel in the temperature range of 60 °C to 190 °C by an automated Pensky-Martens closed cup apparatus. NOTE 1—Flash point determinations above 250 °C can be performed, however, the precision has not been determined above this temperature. For residual fuels, precision has not been determined for flash points above 100 °C. The precision of in-use lubricating oils has not been determined. Some specifications state a D93 minimum flash point below 40 °C, however, the precision has not been determined below this temperature. 1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, biodiesel blends, kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuels), new and in-use lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B or Procedure C. 1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A. 1.4 Procedure C is applicable to biodiesel (B100). Since a flash point of residual alcohol in biodiesel is difficult to observe by manual flash point techniques, automated apparatus with electronic flash point detection have been found suitable. 1.5 These test methods are applicable for the detection of contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable materials with volatile or flammable materials. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.6.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only. NOTE 2—It has been common practice in flash point standards for many decades to alternately use a C-scale or an F-scale thermometer for temperature measurement. Although the scales are close in increments, they are not equivalent. Because the F-scale thermometer used in this procedure is graduated in 5 °F increments, it is not possible to read it to the 2 °C equivalent increment of 3.6 °F. Therefore, for the purposes of application of the procedure of the test method for the separate temperature scale thermometers, different increments must be used. In this test method, the following protocol has been adopted: When a temperature is intended to be a converted equivalent, it will appear in parentheses following the SI unit, for example 370 °C (698 °F). When a temperature 1 These test methods are under the joint jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.08 on Volatility. In the IP, these test methods are under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2020. Published August 2020. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D93 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/D0093-20. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 is intended to be a rationalized unit for the alternate scale, it will appear after “or,” for example, 2 °C or 5 °F. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 9.3, 9.4, 11.1.2, 11.1.4, 11.1.8, 11.2.2, and 12.1.2. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM D93-20 Referenced Document

• ASTM D3941 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-Cup Apparatus
• ASTM D4057 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
• ASTM D4177 Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
• ASTM D56 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
• ASTM E1 Standard Specification for ASTM Thermometers
• ASTM E300 Standard Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
• ASTM E502 Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods

ASTM D93-20 history

• 2020 ASTM D93-20 Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2019 ASTM D93-19 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2018 ASTM D93-18 Standard Test Method for Iron Bacteria in Water and Water-Formed Deposits
• 2016 ASTM D93-16a Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2016 ASTM D93-16 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2015 ASTM D93-15a Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2015 ASTM D93-15 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2013 ASTM D93-13e1 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2013 ASTM D93-13 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2012 ASTM D93-12 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2011 ASTM D93-11 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2010 ASTM D93-10a Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2010 ASTM D93-10 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2009 ASTM D93-09 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2008 ASTM D93-08 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2007 ASTM D93-07 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2006 ASTM D93-06 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2002 ASTM D93-02a Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2002 ASTM D93-02 Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 2000 ASTM D93-00 Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 1997 ASTM D93-97 Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• 1994 ASTM D93-94 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester
• 1990 ASTM D93-90e1 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester
• 1985 ASTM D93-85 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester
• 1980 ASTM D93-80e1 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point By Pensky-Martens Closed Tester
• 1971 ASTM D93-71 Standard Method Of Test For Flash Point By Pensky-Martens Closed Tester