ASTM D6074-15
Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils

Standard No.

ASTM D6074-15

Release Date

2015

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM D6074-15(2022)

Latest

ASTM D6074-15(2022)

Scope

4.1 Refinery and re-refinery feedstock and the processes to which the feed is subject determine the composition of the base stock produced. Once produced, other potential sources of variation include storage, transportation and blending. It follows that lubricating base oils will be of variable chemical composition. For this reason, characterization criteria for hydrocarbon lubricant base oils are frequently chosen from properties such as those listed in Table 1 and/or Table 2. If specification limits are established, they are usually related to the intended use of the base oil.

4.2 The consistent performance of hydrocarbon lubricant base oils is a critical factor in a wide variety of applications such as engine oils, industrial lubricants, and metalworking fluids. In addition, in many of these applications humans are exposed to the base oils as a component of a formulated product such that health or safety considerations may need to be addressed. This guide suggests a compilation of properties and potential contaminants that are understood by those knowledgeable in the manufacture and use of hydrocarbon lubricants to be significant in some or all applications. A discussion of each of the suggested properties and potential contaminants is provided in Appendix X2, with each listed alphabetically within four categories.

4.3 The test methods, base oil properties, and potential contaminants suggested are those that would likely be useful in many common situations, although it is recognized that there are specific applications and situations that could have different requirements. Performance testing related to a specific application may serve as the basis for acceptability.

4.4 Issues such as frequency of testing and the specifics of how the test results are to be applied are not addressed in detail. It is the responsibility of the buyer and seller to determine and agree upon the implementation of this guide. This guide serves as a basis for that discussion.

1.1 This guide suggests physical, chemical, and toxicological test methods for characterizing hydrocarbon lubricant base oils derived from various refining processes including re-refining used oils and refining crude oil. This guide does not contain limits nor does it purport to cover all tests which could be employed; rather, it represents the first step in better describing important parameters of lubricant base oils affecting lubricant performance and safe handling. Tests have been identified to characterize the composition and performance of base oils in addition to verifying their consistency. Undesirable components have also been identified with a range of typical levels. These are not limits. It is the responsibility of the buyer and seller to determine and agree upon the implementation of this guide.

1.2 This guide applies only to base oils and not to finished lubricants.

1.3 Base oils containing detectable levels of esters, animal fats, vegetable oils, or other materials used as, or blended into, lubricants are not covered by this guide.

1.4 This guide is r......

ASTM D6074-15 Referenced Document

• ASTM D1298 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
• ASTM D130 Standard Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
• ASTM D1401 Standard Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
• ASTM D1500 Standard Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
• ASTM D189 Standard Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
• ASTM D2007 Standard Test Method for Characteristic Groups in Rubber Extender and Processing Oils and Other Petroleum-Derived Oils by the Clay8212;Gel Absorption Chromatographic Method
• ASTM D2161 Standard Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity
• ASTM D2270 Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index From Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100176C
• ASTM D2501 Standard Test Method for Calculation of Viscosity-Gravity Constant (VGC) of Petroleum Oils
• ASTM D2622 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• ASTM D287 Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
• ASTM D2887 Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
• ASTM D2896 Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
• ASTM D3120 Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
• ASTM D3339 Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Semi-Micro Color Indicator Titration
• ASTM D341 Standard Test Method for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum Products
• ASTM D3828 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Tester
• ASTM D4052 Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
• ASTM D4057 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
• ASTM D4059 Standard Test Method for Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography
• ASTM D4175 Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• ASTM D4177 Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
• ASTM D4291 Standard Test Method for Trace Ethylene Glycol in Used Engine Oil
• ASTM D4294 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
• ASTM D445 Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
• ASTM D4530 Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue (Micro Method)
• ASTM D4628 Standard Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc In Unused Lubricating Oils By Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
• ASTM D4629 Standard Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion and Chemiluminescence Detection
• ASTM D4739 Standard Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Titration
• ASTM D4927 Standard Test Methods for Elemental Analysis of Lubricant and Additive Components8212;Barium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Zinc by Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
• ASTM D4929 Standard Test Methods for Determination of Organic Chloride Content in Crude Oil
• ASTM D4951 Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
• ASTM D5185 Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
• ASTM D524 Standard Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
• ASTM D5293 Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils Between -5 and -35^oC Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator
• ASTM D5453 Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
• ASTM D5762 Standard Test Method for Nitrogen in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet Chemiluminescence
• ASTM D5800 Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Oils by the Noack Method
• ASTM D5949 Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)
• ASTM D5950 Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Tilt Method)
• ASTM D5984 Standard Test Method for Semi-Quantitative Field Test Method for Base Number in New and Used Lubricants by Color-Indicator Titration
• ASTM D5985 Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)
• ASTM D6160 Standard Test Method for Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Waste Materials by Gas Chromatography
• ASTM D6304 Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
• ASTM D6375 Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Oils by Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) Noack Method
• ASTM D6417 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Engine Oil Volatility by Capillary Gas Chromatography
• ASTM D6443 Test Method for Determination of Calcium, Chlorine, Copper, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils and Additives by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (Mathematical Correction Procedure)
• ASTM D6481 Standard Test Method for Determination of Phosphorus, Sulfur, Calcium, and Zinc in Lubrication Oils by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
• ASTM D664 Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
• ASTM D6749 Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Air Pressure Method)
• ASTM D6822 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Thermohydrometer Method (Standard + Redline PDF Bundle)
• ASTM D6892 Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Robotic Tilt Method)
• ASTM D7042 Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
• ASTM D7094 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) Tester
• ASTM D7095 Standard Test Method for Rapid Determination of Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products Using a Disposable Copper Foil Strip
• ASTM D7279 Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids by Automated Houillon Viscometer*， 2024-04-20 Update
• ASTM D7346 Standard Test Method for No Flow Point and Pour Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels
• ASTM D7419 Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Aromatics and Total Saturates in Lube Basestocks by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with Refractive Index Detection
• ASTM D7500 Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates and Lubricating Base Oils—in Boiling Range from 100 °C to 735 °C by Gas Chromatograph
• ASTM D7751 Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils by EDXRF Analysis*， 2024-04-20 Update
• ASTM D7777 Standard test method for measuring liquid petroleum density, relative density, or API fuel specific gravity using a portable density meter/hydrometer*， 2024-04-20 Update
• ASTM D91 Standard Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating Oils
• ASTM D92 Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup
• ASTM D93 Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• ASTM D97 Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
• ASTM D974 Standard Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration
• ASTM E1687 Standard Test Method for Determining Carcinogenic Potential of Virgin Base Oils in Metalworking Fluids

ASTM D6074-15 history

• 2022 ASTM D6074-15(2022) Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
• 2015 ASTM D6074-15 Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
• 2008 ASTM D6074-08 Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
• 1999 ASTM D6074-99(2005) Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
• 1999 ASTM D6074-99 Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils