ASTM D3045-92(2010)
Standard Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load

Standard No.

ASTM D3045-92(2010)

Release Date

1992

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM D3045-18

Latest

ASTM D3045-18

Scope

The use of this practice presupposes that the failure criteria selected to evaluate materials (that is, the property or properties being measured as a function of exposure time) and the duration of the exposure can be shown to relate to the intended use of the materials.

Plastic materials exposed to heat may be subject to many types of physical and chemical changes. The severity of the exposures in both time and temperature determines the extent and type of change that takes place. A plastic material is not necessarily degraded by exposure to elevated temperatures, but may be unchanged or improved. However, extended periods of exposure of plastics to elevated temperatures will generally cause some degradation, with progressive change in physical properties.

Generally, short exposures at elevated temperatures may drive out volatiles such as moisture, solvents, or plasticizers, relieve molding stresses, advance the cure of thermosets, and may cause some change in color of the plastic or coloring agent, or both. Normally, additional shrinkage should be expected with loss of volatiles or advance in polymerization.

Some plastic materials may become brittle due to loss of plasticizers after exposure at elevated temperatures. Other types of plastics may become soft and sticky, either due to sorption of volatilized plasticizer or due to breakdown of the polymer.

The degree of change observed will depend on the property measured. Different properties, mechanical or electrical, may not change at the same rate. For instance, the arc resistance of thermosetting compounds improves up to the carbonization point of the material. Mechanical properties, such as flexural properties, are sensitive to heat degradation and may change at a more rapid rate. Ultimate properties such as strength or elongation are more sensitive to degradation than bulk properties such as modulus, in most cases.

Effects of exposure may be quite variable, especially when specimens are exposed for long intervals of time. Factors that affect the reproducibility of data are the degree of temperature control of the enclosure, humidity of the oven, air velocity over the specimen, and period of exposure. Errors in exposure are cumulative with time. Certain materials are susceptible to degradation due to the influence of humidity in long-term heat resistance tests. Materials susceptible to hydrolysis may undergo degradation when subjected to long-term heat resistance tests.

It is not to be inferred that comparative material ranking is undesirable or unworkable. On the contrary, this practice is designed to provide data which can be used for such comparative purposes. However, the data obtained from this practice, since it does not account for the influence of stress or environment that is involved in most real life applications, must be used cautiously by the designer, who must inevitably make material choices using additional data such as creep and creep rupture that are consistent with the requirements of his specific application.

It is possible for many temperature indexes to exist, in fact, one for each failure criterion. Therefore, for any application of the temperature index to be valid, the thermal aging program must duplicate the intended exposure conditions of the end product. If the material is stressed in the end product in a manner not evaluated in the aging program, the temperature index thus derived is not applicable to the use of the material in that product.

There can be very large errors when Arrhenius plots or equations based on data from experiments at a series of temperatures are used to estimate time to produce a defined property change at some lower temperature. This estimate of time to produce the property change or “failure” at the lower temperature is often called the “<.........

ASTM D3045-92(2010) Referenced Document

• ASTM D1870 
• ASTM D1898 
• ASTM D618 Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing*， 2021-07-15 Update
• ASTM D883 Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics*， 2024-02-01 Update
• ASTM E145 Standard Specification for Gravity-Convection And Forced-Ventilation Ovens*， 1994-08-15 Update
• ASTM E456 Standard Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics*， 1996-04-19 Update
• ISO 2578 Plastics; determination of time-temperature limits after prolonged exposure to heat*， 1993-08-01 Update

ASTM D3045-92(2010) history

• 2018 ASTM D3045-18 Standard Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
• 1992 ASTM D3045-92(2010) Standard Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
• 1992 ASTM D3045-92(2003) Standard Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
• 1992 ASTM D3045-92(1997) Standard Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load