ASTM D5293-10
Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils Between -5 and -35&176;C Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator

Standard No.

ASTM D5293-10

Release Date

2010

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM D5293-10e1

Latest

ASTM D5293-20

Scope

The CCS apparent viscosity of automotive engine oils correlates with low temperature engine cranking. CCS apparent viscosity is not suitable for predicting low temperature flow to the engine oil pump and oil distribution system. Engine cranking data were measured by the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) L-49 test with reference oils that had viscosities between 600 and 8400 mPa·s (cP) at –17.8°C and between 2000 and 20 000 mPa·s (cP) at –28.9°C. The detailed relationship between this engine cranking data and CCS apparent viscosities is in Appendixes X1 and X2 of the 1967 T edition of Test Method and CRC Report 409. Because the CRC L-49 test is much less precise and standardized than the CCS procedures, CCS apparent viscosity need not accurately predict the engine cranking behavior of an oil in a specific engine. However, the correlation of CCS apparent viscosity with average CRC L-49 engine cranking results is satisfactory.

The correlation between CCS and apparent viscosity and engine cranking was confirmed at temperatures between –1 and –40°C by work on 17 commercial engine oils (SAE grades 5W, 10W, 15W, and 20W). Both synthetic and mineral oil based products were evaluated. See ASTM STP 621.

A correlation was established in a low temperature engine performance study between light duty engine startability and CCS measured apparent viscosity. This study used ten 1990s engines at temperatures ranging from –5 down to –40°C with six commercial engine oils (SAE 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, and 25W).

The measurement of the cranking viscosity of base stocks is typically done to determine their suitability for use in engine oil formulations. A significant number of the calibration oils for this method are base stocks that could be used in engine oil formulations.

1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of apparent viscosity of engine oils and base stocks by cold cranking simulator (CCS) at temperatures between –5 and –35°C at shear stresses of approximately 50 000 to 100 000 Pa and shear rates of approximately 10⁵ to 10⁴ s^–1 for viscosities of approximately 900 to 25 000 mPa·s. The range of an instrument is dependent on the instrument model and software version installed. Apparent Cranking Viscosity results by this method are related to engine-cranking characteristics of engine oils.

1.2 A special procedure is provided for measurement of highly viscoelastic oils in manual instruments. See Appendix X2.

1.3 Procedures are provided for both manual and automated determination of the apparent viscosity of engine oils using the cold-cranking simulator.

1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning s......

ASTM D5293-10 Referenced Document

• ASTM D2162 Standard Test Method for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards
• ASTM D2602 
• ASTM D4057 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
• ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories [Standard in French]

ASTM D5293-10 history

• 2020 ASTM D5293-20 Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between –10 °C and –35 °C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator
• 2017 ASTM D5293-17a Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between &x2013;10&x2009;&xb0;C and &x2013;35&x2009;&xb0;C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator
• 2017 ASTM D5293-17e1 Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between &x2013;10&x2009;&xb0;C and &x2013;35&x2009;&xb0;C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator
• 2017 ASTM D5293-17 Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between &x2013;10&x2009;&xb0;C and &x2013;35&x2009;&xb0;C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator
• 2015 ASTM D5293-15 Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between &x2013;10&x2009;&xb0;C and &x2013;35&x2009;&xb0;C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator
• 2014 ASTM D5293-14 Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between ndash;5deg;C and ndash;35deg;C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator
• 2010 ASTM D5293-10e1 Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between x2013;5 and x2013;35x00B0;C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator
• 2010 ASTM D5293-10 Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils Between -5 and -35&176;C Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator
• 2009 ASTM D5293-09 Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils Between -5 and -35176;C Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator
• 2008 ASTM D5293-08e1 Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils Between -5 and -35176;C Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator
• 2008 ASTM D5293-08 Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils Between -5 and -35176;C Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator
• 2004 ASTM D5293-04 Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils Between -5 and -35176;C Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator
• 2002 ASTM D5293-02 Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils Between -5 and -35176;C Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator
• 1999 ASTM D5293-99ae1 Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils Between -5 and -35^oC Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator