ASTM D5084-16a
Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter

Standard No.

ASTM D5084-16a

Release Date

2016

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Latest

ASTM D5084-16a

Scope

1.1 These test methods cover laboratory measurement of the hydraulic conductivity (also referred to as coeffıcient of permeability) of water-saturated porous materials with a flexible wall permeameter at temperatures between about 15 and 30°C (59 and 86°F). Temperatures outside this range may be used; however, the user would have to determine the specific gravity of mercury and RT (see 10.3) at those temperatures using data from Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. There are six alternate methods or hydraulic systems that may be used to measure the hydraulic conductivity. These hydraulic systems are as follows: 1.1.1 Method A—Constant Head 1.1.2 Method B—Falling Head, constant tailwater elevation 1.1.3 Method C—Falling Head, rising tailwater elevation 1.1.4 Method D—Constant Rate of Flow 1.1.5 Method E—Constant Volume–Constant Head (by mercury) 1.1.6 Method F—Constant Volume–Falling Head (by mercury), rising tailwater elevation 1.2 These test methods use water as the permeant liquid; see 4.3 and Section 6 on Reagents for water requirements. 1.3 These test methods may be utilized on all specimen types (intact, reconstituted, remolded, compacted, etc.) that have a hydraulic conductivity less than about 1 × 10−6 m/s (1 × 10−4 cm/s), providing the head loss requirements of 5.2.3 are met. For the constant-volume methods, the hydraulic conductivity typically has to be less than about 1 × 10−7 m/s. 1.3.1 If the hydraulic conductivity is greater than about 1 × 10−6 m/s, but not more than about 1 × 10−5 m/s; then the size of the hydraulic tubing needs to be increased along with the porosity of the porous end pieces. Other strategies, such as using higher viscosity fluid or properly decreasing the crosssectional area of the test specimen, or both, may also be possible. The key criterion is that the requirements covered in Section 5 have to be met. 1.3.2 If the hydraulic conductivity is less than about 1 × 10−11 m/s, then standard hydraulic systems and temperature environments will typically not suffice. Strategies that may be possible when dealing with such impervious materials may include the following: (a) controlling the temperature more precisely, (b) adoption of unsteady state measurements by using high-accuracy equipment along with the rigorous analyses for determining the hydraulic parameters (this approach reduces testing duration according to Zhang et al. (1)2 ), and (c) shortening the length or enlarging the cross-sectional area, or both, of the test specimen (with consideration to specimen grain size (2)). Other approaches, such as use of higher hydraulic gradients, lower viscosity fluid, elimination of any possible chemical gradients and bacterial growth, and strict verification of leakage, may also be considered. 1.4 The hydraulic conductivity of materials with hydraulic conductivities greater than 1 × 10 −5 m/s may be determined by Test Method D2434. 1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. 1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected, recorded, and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design. 1.6 This standard also contains a Hazards section (Section 7). 1.7 The time to perform this test depends on such items as the Method (A, B, C, D, E, or F) used, the initial degree of 1 This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on Hydrologic Properties and Hydraulic Barriers. Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2016. Published August 2016. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D5084–16. DOI: 10.1520/D5084-16A. 2 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references appended to this standard. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States 1 saturation of the test specimen and the hydraulic conductivity of the test specimen. The constant volume Methods (E and F) and Method D require the shortest period-of-time. Typically a test can be performed using Methods D, E, or F within two to three days. Methods A, B, and C take a longer period-of-time, from a few days to a few weeks depending on the hydraulic conductivity. Typically, about one week is required for hydraulic conductivities on the order of 1 × 10–9 m/s. The testing time is ultimately controlled by meeting the equilibrium criteria for each Method (see 9.5). 1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are mathematical conversions, which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard, unless specifically stated as standard, such as 0.5 mm or 0.01 in. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ASTM D5084-16a Referenced Document

• ASTM D1140 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Amount of Material Finer than 75-&x3bc;m (No. 200) Sieve in Soils by Washing*， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM D1557 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft³ (2,700 kN-m/m³))
• ASTM D1587 Standard Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes*， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM D2113 Standard Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for Site Investigation
• ASTM D2216 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
• ASTM D2434 Standard Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head)
• ASTM D2435 Standard Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils
• ASTM D3550 Standard Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils
• ASTM D3740 Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
• ASTM D4220 Standard Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil Samples
• ASTM D4318 Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils*， 2017-06-01 Update
• ASTM D4753 Standard Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Scales for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction Materials Testing
• ASTM D4767 Standard Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression Test for Cohesive Soils
• ASTM D5079 Standard Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock Core Samples
• ASTM D6026 Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
• ASTM D6151 Standard Practice for Using Hollow-Stem Augers for Geotechnical Exploration and Soil Sampling
• ASTM D6169 Standard Guide for Selection of Soil and Rock Sampling Devices Used With Drill Rigs for Environmental Investigations
• ASTM D653 Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
• ASTM D698 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft³ (600 kN-m/m³))*， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM D854 Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by the Water Displacement Method*， 2023-11-01 Update
• ASTM E177 Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• ASTM E691 Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

ASTM D5084-16a history

• 2016 ASTM D5084-16a Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
• 2016 ASTM D5084-16 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
• 2010 ASTM D5084-10 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
• 2003 ASTM D5084-03 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
• 2000 ASTM D5084-00e1 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
• 2000 ASTM D5084-00 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter