Direct observation of the subsurface by the collection of soil and rock samples is an essential part of site characterization for environmental purposes (see 7.1.7 of Guide D 5730). This guide provides information on the major types of soil and rock sampling devices used on drill rigs to assist in selection of devices that are suitable for known site geologic conditions, and provide samples that meet project objectives. This guide should not be used as a substitute for consulting with someone experienced in sampling soil or rock in similar formations before determining the best method and type of sampling.
This guide should be used in conjunction with Guides D 2113 and D 6151 and drilling method-specific guides (see Guides D 5781, D 5782, D 5783, D 5784, D 5872, D 5875 and D 5876) as part of developing a detailed site investigation and sampling plan (see 5.1.5 of Guide D 5730) for sites that require mobilization of a drill rig for subsurface investigations. The selection of drilling methods and sampling devices goes hand-in-hand. In some cases soil sample requirements may influence choice of drilling method, or conversely, types of available drill rigs may influence choice of sampling devices.
This guide should be used in conjunction with Guide D 5434 for field logging of soil and rock samples, Practice D 5911 for data elements to identify a soil sampling site, and where appropriate, Practice D 4220, for preserving and transporting soil samples, Practice D 5070 for preserving and transporting rock core samples, Practice D 3694 for preparation of sample containers and for preservation of organic constituents, and Practice 5088 for decontamination of field equipment used at nonradioactive waste sites.
1.1 This guide covers guidance for the selection of soil and rock sampling devices used with drill rigs for the purpose of characterizing in situ physical and hydraulic properties, chemical characteristics, subsurface lithology, statigraphy, and structure, and hydrogeologic units in environmental investigations.