ASTM D2709-16
Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge

Standard No.

ASTM D2709-16

Release Date

2016

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM D2709-22

Latest

ASTM D2709-22

Scope

5.1 This test method is used as an indication of free water and sediment suspended as haze, cloudiness, or droplets in middle distillate fuels such as Grades No. 1 and 2 fuel oil (Specification D396), Grades No. 1-D and 2-D diesel fuel (Specification D975), and Grades No. 0-GT, 1-GT, and 2-GT gas turbine fuels (Specification D2880), similar fuels and blendstocks used to make these fuels.

5.2 Appreciable amounts of free water and sediment in a fuel oil tend to cause fouling of fuel-handling facilities and to give trouble in the fuel system of a burner or engine. An accumulation of sediment in storage tanks and on filter screens can obstruct the flow of oil from the tank to the combustor. Free water in middle distillate fuels can cause corrosion of tanks and equipment, and if detergent is present, the water can cause emulsions or a hazy appearance. Free water can support microbiological growth at fuel-water interfaces in fuel systems.

(A) Measured between tips of opposite tubes when in rotating position.

(B) “r/min” is the correct SI symbol for the former term “rpm.”

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the volume of free water and sediment (as a percentage of the sample) that is suspended in the bulk fuel in middle distillate fuels with viscosities in the range of 1.08201;mm²/s to 4.18201;mm²/s at 408201;°C (1.08201;cSt to 4.18201;cSt at 1048201;°F) and densities in the range of 7708201;kg/m³ to 9008201;kg/m³ at 158201;°C.

Note 1: Fuels corresponding to Specification D396 Grades No. 1 and 2, D975 Grades No. 1-D and 2-D, Specification D2880 Grades No. 0-GT, 1-GT and 2-GT, and Specification D3699 Grades No. 1-K and 2-K and similar middle distillate fuels and blendstocks will usually fall in this viscosity and density range. Test Method D1796 is intended for higher viscosity fuel oils.

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.

1.2.1 Exception—The non-SI values are for information only.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ASTM D2709-16 Referenced Document

• ASTM D1796 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
• ASTM D2880 Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
• ASTM D3699 Standard Specification for Kerosine
• ASTM D396 Standard Specification for Fuel Oils
• ASTM D4057 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
• ASTM D4175 Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• ASTM D4177 Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
• ASTM D975 Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils

ASTM D2709-16 history

• 2022 ASTM D2709-22 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
• 2016 ASTM D2709-16 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
• 1996 ASTM D2709-96(2011)e1 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
• 1996 ASTM D2709-96(2006) Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
• 2001 ASTM D2709-96(2001)e1 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
• 1999 ASTM D2709-96e2 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
• 1988 ASTM D2709-88 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge