ASTM D6281-15
Standard Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration in Ambient and Indoor Atmospheres as Determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy Direct Transfer (TEM)

Standard No.

ASTM D6281-15

Release Date

2015

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM D6281-23

Latest

ASTM D6281-23

Scope

5.1 This test method is applicable to the measurement of airborne asbestos in a wide range of ambient air situations and for detailed evaluation of any atmosphere for asbestos structures. Most fibers in ambient atmospheres are not asbestos, and therefore, there is a requirement for fibers to be identified. Most of the airborne asbestos fibers in ambient atmospheres have diameters below the resolution limit of the light microscope. This test method is based on transmission electron microscopy, which has adequate resolution to allow detection of small thin fibers and is currently the only technique capable of unequivocal identification of the majority of individual fibers of asbestos. Asbestos is often found, not as single fibers, but as very complex, aggregated structures, which may or may not also be aggregated with other particles. The fibers found suspended in an ambient atmosphere can often be identified unequivocally if sufficient measurement effort is expended. However, if each fiber were to be identified in this way, the analysis would become prohibitively expensive. Because of instrumental deficiencies or because of the nature of the particulate matter, some fibers cannot be positively identified as asbestos even though the measurements all indicate that they could be asbestos. Therefore, subjective factors contribute to this measurement, and consequently, a very precise definition of the procedure for identification and enumeration of asbestos fibers is required. The method defined in this test method is designed to provide a description of the nature, numerical concentration, and sizes of asbestos-containing particles found in an air sample. The test method is necessarily complex because the structures observed are frequently very complex. The method of data recording specified in the test method is designed to allow reevaluation of the structure-counting data as new applications for measurements are developed. All of the feasible specimen preparation techniques result in some modification of the airborne particulate matter. Even the collection of particles from a three-dimensional airborne dispersion on to a two-dimensional filter surface can be considered a modification of the particulate matter, and some of the particles, in most samples, are modified by the specimen preparation procedures. However, the procedures specified in this test method are designed to minimize the disturbance of the collected particulate material.

5.2 This test method applies to analysis of a single filter and describes the precision attributable to measurements for a single filter (see 13.1). Multiple air samples are usually necessary to characterize airborne asbestos concentrations across time and space. The number of samples necessary for this purpose is proportional to the variation in measurement across samples, which may be greater than the variation in a measurement for a single sample.

1.1 This test method2 is an analytical procedure using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the determination of the concentration of asbestos structures in ambient atmospheres and includes measurement of the dimension of structures and of the asbestos fibers found in the structures from which aspect ratios are calculated.

1.1.1 This test method allows determination of the type(s) of asbestos fibers present.

1.1.2 This test method cannot alw......

ASTM D6281-15 Referenced Document

• ASTM D1193 Standard Specification for Reagent Water
• ASTM D1356 Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres*， 2024-04-20 Update
• ASTM D1357 Standard Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Atmosphere
• ASTM D4483 Standard Practice for Determining Precision for Test Method Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Industries
• ASTM D6620 Standard Practice for Asbestos Detection Limit Based on Counts
• ASTM E177 Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• ASTM E691 Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• ISO 10312 Ambient air — Determination of asbestos fibres — Direct transfer transmission electron microscopy method

ASTM D6281-15 history

• 1970 ASTM D6281-23 Standard Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration in Ambient and Indoor Atmospheres as Determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy Direct Transfer (TEM) (Standard + Redline PDF Bundle)
• 2015 ASTM D6281-15 Standard Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration in Ambient and Indoor Atmospheres as Determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy Direct Transfer (TEM)
• 2009 ASTM D6281-09 Standard Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration in Ambient and Indoor Atmospheres as Determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy Direct Transfer (TEM)
• 2006 ASTM D6281-06 Standard Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration in Ambient and Indoor Atmospheres as Determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy Direct Transfer (TEM)
• 2004 ASTM D6281-04 Standard Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration in Ambient and Indoor Atmospheres as Determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy Direct Transfer (TEM)
• 1998 ASTM D6281-98 Standard Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration in Ambient and Indoor Atmospheres as Determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy Direct Transfer (TEM)