ASTM D4056-16
Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and Aliphatic Ester Lubricants

Standard No.

ASTM D4056-16

Release Date

2016

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM D4056-21

Latest

ASTM D4056-21

Scope

5.1 Knowledge of the water content is important in lubrication, as large amounts of water can cause corrosion fatigue in steel bearings, and the complete absence of water can cause metal scuffing.

5.2 High water content has an accelerating effect on oxidation of lubricants, and can also contribute to foaming, especially at high altitude or temperature, or both.

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for estimating the equilibrium solubility of water and its vapor in hydrocarbon and aliphatic ester lubricants, at temperatures between 2778201;K and 3738201;K. The test method is limited to liquids of low to moderate polarity and hydrogen bonding, with predicted solubilities not over 10008201;ppm by weight in hydrocarbons, or 308201;0008201;ppm by weight in oxygenated compounds, at 2988201;K.

1.2 Specifically excluded are olefins, nitriles, nitro compounds, and alcohols.

1.3 This test method is recommended only for liquids not containing widely different chemical species. This excludes blends of esters with hydrocarbons, and lubricants containing detergents, dispersants, rust preventives, or load carrying additives.

1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ASTM D4056-16 Referenced Document

• ASTM D1218 Standard Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
• ASTM D1298 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
• ASTM D2502 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Molecular Weight (Relative Molecular Mass) of Petroleum Oils From Viscosity Measurements
• ASTM D3238 Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method
• ASTM D94 Standard Test Methods for Saponification Number of Petroleum Products

ASTM D4056-16 history

• 2021 ASTM D4056-21 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and Aliphatic Ester Lubricants
• 2016 ASTM D4056-16 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and Aliphatic Ester Lubricants
• 2001 ASTM D4056-01(2010) Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and Aliphatic Ester Lubricants
• 2001 ASTM D4056-01(2006) Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and Aliphatic Ester Lubricants
• 2001 ASTM D4056-01 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and Aliphatic Ester Lubricants
• 2001 ASTM D4056-00 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and Aliphatic Ester Lubricants
• 1992 ASTM D4056-92(1997)e1 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Water in Hydrocarbon and Aliphatic Ester Lubricants