ASTM E2899-15
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Initiation Toughness in Surface Cracks Under Tension and Bending

Standard No.

ASTM E2899-15

Release Date

2015

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM E2899-19

Latest

ASTM E2899-24

Scope

5.1 Surface cracks are among the most common defects found in structural components. An accurate characterization and understanding of crack-front behavior is necessary to ensure successful operation of a structure containing surface cracks. The testing of laboratory specimens with surface cracks provides a means to understand and quantify surface crack behavior, but the test results must be interpreted correctly to ensure transferability between the laboratory specimen and the structure.

5.2 Transferability refers to the capacity of a fracture mechanics methodology to correlate the crack-tip stress and strain fields of different cracked bodies. Traditionally, the correlation has been based on the presence at fracture of a dominant, asymptotically singular, crack-tip field with amplitude set by the value of a single parameter, such as the stress intensity factor, K_I, or the J-integral. For components and specimens with high crack-tip constraint, the singular crack-tip field dominates over microstructurally significant size scales for loads ranging from globally linear-elastic conditions to moderately large-scale plasticity. For specimens with low crack-tip constraint, a dominant single-parameter crack-tip field exists only at low levels of plasticity. At higher levels of plasticity, the opening mode stress of the low constraint specimen is lower than predicted by the single-parameter, asymptotically singular fields. Therefore, low constraint specimens often exhibit larger fracture toughness than do high constraint specimens. If feasible, users are strongly encouraged to generate high constraint fracture toughness data using methods such as Test Methods E399 or E1820 prior to testing the surface crack geometry.

5.2.1 To address this phenomenon, two-parameter fracture criteria are used to include the influence of crack-tip constraint. Crack-tip constraint has been quantified using various scalar parameters including the T-stress (6, 7, 8), Q (9, 10), stress triaxiality (11, 12), and α_h (13, 14). Fracture toughness in a two-parameter methodology is not a single value, but rather is a curve that defines a critical locus of fracture toughness and constraint values (2). Fig. 2 illustrates a toughness-constraint locus for application of two-parameter fracture mechanics to structures. A structural analysis provides the driving force curve for the configuration of interest, and is plotted with......

ASTM E2899-15 Referenced Document

• ASTM C1421 Standard Test Methods for Determination of Fracture Toughness of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
• ASTM E1012 Standard Practice for Verification of Specimen Alignment Under Tensile Loading
• ASTM E111 Standard Test Method for Young''s Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and Chord Modulus
• ASTM E1820 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness
• ASTM E1823 Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
• ASTM E1921 Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, T_o, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range
• ASTM E399 Standard Test Method for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials
• ASTM E4 Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• ASTM E6 Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• ASTM E647 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
• ASTM E740 Standard Practice for Fracture Testing with Surface-Crack Tension Specimens
• ASTM E8/E8M Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials

ASTM E2899-15 history

• 2024 ASTM E2899-24 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Initiation Toughness in Surface Cracks Under Tension and Bending
• 2019 ASTM E2899-19e1 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Initiation Toughness in Surface Cracks Under Tension and Bending
• 2019 ASTM E2899-19 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Initiation Toughness in Surface Cracks Under Tension and Bending
• 2015 ASTM E2899-15 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Initiation Toughness in Surface Cracks Under Tension and Bending
• 2013 ASTM E2899-13 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Initiation Toughness in Surface Cracks Under Tension and Bending