ASTM D7596-14
Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting and Particle Shape Classification of Oils Using a Direct Imaging Integrated Tester

Standard No.

ASTM D7596-14

Release Date

2014

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM D7596-23

Latest

ASTM D7596-23

Scope

5.1 This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including on-site in-service oil analysis laboratories. Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is often employed for wear metal analysis (Test Methods D5185 and D6595). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (Test Methods D445, D2896, D6304, and D7279). Molecular spectroscopy (Practice E2412) provides direct information on molecular species of interest including additives, lubricant degradation products and contaminating fluids such as water, fuel and glycol. Direct imaging integrated testers provide complementary information on particle count, particle size, particle type, and soot content.

5.2 Particles in lubricating and hydraulic oils are detrimental because they increase wear, clog filters and accelerate oil degradation.

5.3 Particle count may aid in assessing the capability of a filtration system to clean the fluid, determine if off-line recirculating filtration is needed to clean the fluid, or aid in the decision whether or not to change the fluid.

5.4 An increase in the concentration and size of wear particles is indicative of incipient failure or component change out. Predictive maintenance by oil analysis monitors the concentration and size of wear particles on a periodic basis to predict failure.

5.5 High soot levels in diesel engine lubricating oil may indicate abnormal engine operation.

1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle concentration, particle size distribution, particle shape, and soot content for new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic systems by a direct imaging integrated tester.

1.1.1 The test method is applicable to petroleum and synthetic based fluids. Samples from 2 to 150 mm²/s at 40°C may be processed directly. Samples of greater viscosity may be processed after solvent dilution.

1.1.2 Particles measured are in the range from 4 μm to ≥ 708201;μm with the upper limit dependent upon passing through a 1008201;μm mesh inlet screen.

1.1.3 Particle concentration measured may be as high as 58201;0008201;000 particles per mL without significant coincidence error.

1.1.4 Particle shape is determined for particles greater than approximately 20 µm in length. Particles are categorized into the following categories: sliding, cutting, fatigue, nonmetallic, fibers, water droplets, and air bubbles.

1.1.5

ASTM D7596-14 Referenced Document

• ASTM D2896 Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
• ASTM D4057 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
• ASTM D4175 Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• ASTM D4177 Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
• ASTM D445 Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
• ASTM D5185 Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
• ASTM D5967 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine
• ASTM D6304 Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
• ASTM D6595 Standard Test Method for Determination of Wear Metals and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils or Used Hydraulic Fluids by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry
• ASTM D7279 Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids by Automated Houillon Viscometer*， 2024-04-20 Update
• ASTM E2412 Standard Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry
• ASTM G40 Standard Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
• ISO 12103-1:1997 Road vehicles - Test dust for filter evaluation - Part 1: Arizona test dust
• ISO 4406 Hydraulic fluid power - Fluids - Method for coding the level of contamination by solid particles

ASTM D7596-14 history

• 2023 ASTM D7596-23 Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting and Particle Shape Classification of Oils Using a Direct Imaging Integrated Tester
• 2014 ASTM D7596-14 Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting and Particle Shape Classification of Oils Using a Direct Imaging Integrated Tester
• 2010 ASTM D7596-10 Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting and Particle Shape Classification of Oils Using a Direct Imaging Integrated Tester