ASTM E1207-14
Standard Guide for Sensory Evaluation of Axillary Deodorancy

Standard No.

ASTM E1207-14

Release Date

2014

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM E1207-14(2022)

Latest

ASTM E1207-14(2022)

Scope

5.1 The procedures recommended in this practice can be used to clinically assess axillary deodorant efficacy of personal care products.

5.2 This practice is applicable to the product categories which include deodorant and toilet soap bars, liquid bath soaps and gels, deodorant sticks, antiperspirants, creams and lotions, body talcs, and aerosol and pump delivery deodorants, antiperspirants, and body colognes.

5.3 Procedures of the type described herein may be used to aid in the communication of efficacy within and between manufacturers and to the consumer through the various public communications media. Guidelines are suggested due to the need to determine the relative or absolute performance of experimental materials or of commercial products.

5.4 These procedures may be used by persons who have familiarized themselves with these procedures and have had previous experience with sensory evaluation.

5.5 This practice provides suggested procedures and is not meant to exclude alternate procedures which may be effectively used to provide the same clinical result.

1.1 This guide provides procedures which may be used in the design and analysis of studies to quantitatively assess the intensity of human axillary odor for the purpose of substantiating deodorant efficacy of personal care products.

1.2 This guide includes protocols for the selection and training of assessors, selection of subjects, experimental design, and statistical analyses. This practice is limited to assessment of axillary odor by trained assessors. Self-evaluation protocols are valid for selected sensory tasks but may be less sensitive.

1.3 With respect to the source of axillary odor, three groups of secretory glands are present in the axillae which participate to a greater or lesser extent in its production—eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous. Axillary odor has been primarily ascribed to the apocrine gland secretion (1) .² Body odor intensity has been correlated with the volume of the secretory portion of the apocrine gland (2) and the density of the glands.

1.3.1 Apocrine glands are found primarily in the axillary vault in conjunction with axillary hairs (3). Pure apocrine sweat is sterile and odorless and axillary odor results from degradation of apocrine sweat by resident skin bacteria (4). High bacterial populations are found in moist regions of the body, especially in the axillae, providing the appropriate environment for growth (5).

1.3.2 Eccrine glands keep the axillae moist through thermally and emotionally induced secretions (6).

1.3.3 The sebaceous glands excrete higher molecular weight lipid materials which absorb and retain the volatile materials resulting from bacterial action (7) . The aerobic diphtheroids are able to produce the typical acrid axillary odor and the micrococcaceae produce an isovaleric acid-like odor when incubated with apocrine sweat (8). Therefore, the most undesirable component of axillary odor is ......

ASTM E1207-14 Referenced Document

• ASTM E1697 Standard Test Method for Unipolar Magnitude Estimation of Sensory Attributes
• ASTM E253 Standard Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Materials and Products

ASTM E1207-14 history

• 2022 ASTM E1207-14(2022) Standard Guide for Sensory Evaluation of Axillary Deodorancy
• 2014 ASTM E1207-14 Standard Guide for Sensory Evaluation of Axillary Deodorancy
• 2009 ASTM E1207-09 Standard Practice for The Sensory Evaluation of Axillary Deodorancy
• 2002 ASTM E1207-02 Standard Practice for The Sensory Evaluation of Axillary Deodorancy
• 1987 ASTM E1207-87(1997) Standard Practice for The Sensory Evaluation of Axillary Deodorancy