ASTM D6187-97(2010)
Standard Practice for Cone Penetrometer Technology Characterization of Petroleum Contaminated Sites with Nitrogen Laser-Induced Fluorescence

Standard No.

ASTM D6187-97(2010)

Release Date

1997

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Latest

ASTM D6187-97(2010)

Scope

Direct push LIF is used for site investigations where the delineation of petroleum hydrocarbons and other fluorophores is necessary. Generic terms for these investigations are site assessments and hazardous waste site investigations. Continuous LIF is used to provide information on the relative amounts of contamination and to provide a lithological detail of the subsurface strata. These investigations are frequently required in the characterization of hazardous waste sites.

This technology provides preliminary results within minutes following the completion of each test. This allows the number, locations, and depths of subsequent tests to be adjusted in the field. Field adjustment may increase the efficiency of the investigation program.

The rapid fluorescence data gathering provided by direct push LIF provides information necessary to assess the presence of contamination in soils and associated pore fluids in the field. This method allows for immediate determination of relative amounts of contamination. This allows the number, locations, and depths of subsequent activities to be adjusted in the field. Field adjustment may increase the efficiency of the investigation program.

With appropriate sensors, the direct-push investigation program can provide information on soil stratigraphy and the distribution of petroleum and other fluorophores in the subsurface. This method results in minimum site disturbance and generates no cuttings that might require disposal (1).

This practice is confirmed using soil samples collected at given depths to confirm the fluorescence readings using a field deployed EPA Method 418.1 (2), EPA method 8015-modified, and a modified EPA 8270 Method (3), or equivalent methodologies, as compared to the fluorescence reading from the same depth from the sensor to verify that the fluorescence correlates with the contamination. The collected samples are also tested on the probe window in the truck to ensure the sample collected is representative of the region tested in situ.

This practice may not be the correct method for preliminary or supplemental investigations in all cases. Chemical and physical properties of site specific soil matrices may have an effect on site specific detection limits. Subsurface conditions affect the performance of the equipment and methods associated with the direct push method. Direct push methods are not effective in pushing in solid bedrock and are marginally effective in pushing in weathered formations. Dense gravelly tills where boulders and cobbles are present, stiff and hard clays, and cemented soil zones may cause refusal and potential probe breakage. Certain cohesive soils, depending on their moisture content, can create friction on the cone penetrometer probes which can eventually equal or exceed the static reaction force and/or the impact energy being applied. As with all direct push methods, precautions must be taken to prevent cross contamination of aquifers through migration of contaminants up or down the cone penetrometer hole.

The practicing of direct push techniques may be controlled by various government regulations governing subsurface explorations. Certification or licensing regulations, or both, may in some cases be considered in establishing performance criteria. For additional information see (4-15)

1.1 This practice covers the method for delineating the subsurface presence of petroleum hydrocarbons and other hydrocarbons using a fiber optic based nitrogen laser-induced fluorescence sensor system.

1.2 The petroleum hydrocarbon sensing scheme utilizes a fluorescence technique in which a nitrogen laser emits pulsed ultraviolet light. The laser, mounted on the cone penetrometer platform, is linked via fiber optic cables to a window moun......

ASTM D6187-97(2010) Referenced Document

• ASTM D1129 Standard Terminology Relating to Water*， 1999-04-19 Update
• ASTM D3650 Standard Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils By Fluorescence Analysis
• ASTM D4657 Standard Test Method for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water*， 1998-01-01 Update
• ASTM D5088 Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Nonradioactive Waste Sites*， 2002-01-10 Update
• ASTM D5730 Standard Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone and Ground Water*， 1998-04-19 Update
• ASTM D5778 Standard Test Method for Performing Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of Soils
• ASTM D6001 Standard Guide for Direct-Push Water Sampling for Geoenvironmental Investigations*， 1998-10-13 Update
• ASTM D6067 Standard Guide for Using the Electronic Cone Penetrometer for Environmental Site Characterization
• ASTM D653 Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
• ASTM E131 Standard Definitions of Terms and Symbols Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
• ASTM E1614 Standard Guide for Procedure for Measuring Ionizing Radiation-Induced Attenuation in Silica-Based Optical Fibers and Cables for Use in Remote Fiber-Optic Spectroscopy and Broadband Systems*， 2024-04-19 Update
• ASTM E169 Standard Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis*， 1999-04-19 Update
• ASTM E275 Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet, Visible, and Near-Infrared Spectrophotometers
• ASTM E388 Standard Test Method for Spectral Bandwidth and Wavelength Accuracy of Fluorescence Spectrometers
• ASTM E578 Standard Test Method for Linearity of Fluorescence Measuring Systems*， 2001-02-10 Update
• ASTM E579 Standard Test Method for Limit of Detection of Fluorescence of Quinine Sulfate*， 1998-10-10 Update
• ASTM E924 

ASTM D6187-97(2010) history

• 1997 ASTM D6187-97(2010) Standard Practice for Cone Penetrometer Technology Characterization of Petroleum Contaminated Sites with Nitrogen Laser-Induced Fluorescence
• 1997 ASTM D6187-97(2003) Standard Practice for Cone Penetrometer Technology Characterization of Petroleum Contaminated Sites with Nitrogen Laser-Induced Fluorescence
• 1997 ASTM D6187-97 Standard Practice for Cone Penetrometer Technology Characterization of Petroleum Contaminated Sites with Nitrogen Laser-Induced Fluorescence