ASTM D6446-01(2006)
Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion (Specific Energy) of Aviation Fuels

Standard No.

ASTM D6446-01(2006)

Release Date

2001

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Withdraw 2012-11

Latest

ASTM D6446-01(2006)

Scope

This test method is intended for use as a guide in cases in which an experimental determination of heat of combustion is not available and cannot be made conveniently, and in which an estimate is considered satisfactory. It is not intended as a substitute for experimental measurements of heat of combustion (see Note 2).

Note 28212;The procedures for the experimental determination of the net heat of combustion are described in Test Methods D 240 and D 4809.

The net heat of combustion is a factor in the performance of all aviation fuels. Because the exhaust of aircraft engines contains uncondensed water vapors, the energy released by fuel in vaporizing water cannot be recovered and must be subtracted from gross heat of combustion. For high performance weight-limited aircraft, the net heat of combustion per unit mass and the mass of fuel loaded determine the total safe range. The proper operation of the aircraft engine also requires a certain minimum net energy of combustion per unit volume of fuel delivered.

1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the net heat of combustion (specific energy) at constant pressure in SI units, megajoules per kilogram, from the fuel density, sulfur, and hydrogen content.

1.2 This test method is purely empirical, and it is applicable only to liquid hydrocarbon fuels derived by normal refining processes from conventional crude oil that conform to the requirements of specifications for aviation turbine fuels of limited boiling ranges and compositions, as described in Note 0 and permitted by each specification.

Note 0

The estimation of the heat of combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel from its hydrogen content, density, and sulfur is justifiable only when the fuel belongs to a well-defined class for which a relationship between these quantities has been derived from accurate experimental measurements on representative samples of that class. Even in this class, the possibility that the estimates can be in error by large amounts for individual fuels should be recognized. The classes of fuels used to establish the correclation presented in this test method are represented by the following specifications:

1.3 The heat of combustion can also be estimated by Test Methods D 1405, D 3338, and D 4529.

ASTM D6446-01(2006) Referenced Document

• ASTM D1217 Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
• ASTM D1250 Standard Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables
• ASTM D1266 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
• ASTM D129 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General Bomb Method)
• ASTM D1298 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
• ASTM D1405 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
• ASTM D1552 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method)
• ASTM D1655 Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
• ASTM D240 Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
• ASTM D2622 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• ASTM D3120 Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
• ASTM D3338 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
• ASTM D3701 Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry
• ASTM D4052 Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
• ASTM D4294 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
• ASTM D4529 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
• ASTM D4808 Standard Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
• ASTM D4809 Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)
• ASTM D5291 Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
• ASTM D5453 Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence

ASTM D6446-01(2006) history

• 2001 ASTM D6446-01(2006) Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion (Specific Energy) of Aviation Fuels
• 2001 ASTM D6446-01 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion (Specific Energy) of Aviation Fuels
• 1999 ASTM D6446-99 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion (Specific Energy) of Aviation Fuels