Describe and discuss the present state of the technique of measuring ground resistance and impedance, earth resistivity, potential gradients from currents in the earth, and the predition of the magnitudes of ground resistance and potential gradients from scale model tests.Factors influencing the choice of instruments and the techniques for various types of measurements are covered.
IEEE 81-1983 history
2012IEEE 81-2012 IEEE Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials of a Grounding System
1983IEEE 81-1983 Guide for measuring earth resistivity, ground impedance, and earth surface potentials of a ground system
1962IEEE 81-1962 Guide for Measuring Ground Resistance and Potential Gradients in the Earth