ESDU 93024 summarises situations where vortex generators have been used to control shock-induced separation. It is suggested that their use should be considered at the design stage and not only as a fix for undesirable characteristics found post-flight. Types of vortex generators are reviewed and the aerodynamic principles of their operation considered. Attention is focussed on vane types: co- or counter-rotating and biplane. By applying simplifying assumptions@ the degree and range of mixing effectiveness@ and the rate of vortex decay@ are studied and offer some guidance on the streamwise extent of control@ the lateral spacing and the height above the surface that are appropriate for both co- and counter-rotating types. The degree of control achievable on aerofoils is considered@ and calculations also show the possible adverse effects on drag. The use of multiple arrays and the use of vortex generators to control shock-induced separation in corners are briefly discussed. The use of wind-tunnel tests to assess the effects of vortex generators is considered.
ESDU 93024 A-1995 history
1995ESDU 93024 A-1995 Vortex generators for control of shock-induced separation. Part 1: introduction and aerodynamics.