1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products and liquid fuels using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 20 %, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels. NOTE 1—An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 % volume, 50 % volume, and 75 % volume ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples are comparable or within the published repeatability of the method (with the exception of FBP of 75 % ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can be concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 % volume ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supporting data.2
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D86-17 Referenced Document
ASTM D323 Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
ASTM D4057 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
ASTM D4175 Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants*, 2023-07-01 Update
ASTM D4177 Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
ASTM D4953 Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
ASTM D5190 Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method)
ASTM D5191 Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)
ASTM D5798 Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
ASTM D5842 Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
ASTM D5949 Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)
ASTM D5950 Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Tilt Method)
ASTM D5985 Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)
ASTM D6300 Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
ASTM D6708 Standard Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material*, 2024-03-01 Update
ASTM D97 Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
ASTM E1 Standard Specification for ASTM Thermometers
ASTM E1272 Standard Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylinders
ASTM E1405 Standard Specification for Laboratory Glass Distillation Flasks*, 2022-09-01 Update
ASTM E77 Standard Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
ASTM D86-17 history
2023ASTM D86-23ae1 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
2023ASTM D86-23a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
2023ASTM D86-23 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
2020ASTM D86-20b Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
2020ASTM D86-20a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
2020ASTM D86-20 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
2019ASTM D86-19 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
2018ASTM D86-18 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling of Paint
2017ASTM D86-17 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
2016ASTM D86-16a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
2016ASTM D86-16 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
2015ASTM D86-15 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
2012ASTM D86-12 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2011ASTM D86-11b Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2011ASTM D86-11a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2011ASTM D86-11 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2010ASTM D86-10a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2010ASTM D86-10 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2009ASTM D86-09e1 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2009ASTM D86-09 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2008ASTM D86-08a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2008ASTM D86-08 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2007ASTM D86-07b Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2007ASTM D86-07a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2007ASTM D86-07 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2005ASTM D86-05 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2004ASTM D86-04b Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2004ASTM D86-04a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2004ASTM D86-04 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2003ASTM D86-03 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2002ASTM D86-02 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2001ASTM D86-01e1 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2001ASTM D86-01 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
2000ASTM D86-00a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
1996ASTM D86-96 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
1995ASTM D86-95 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
1993ASTM D86-93 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
1990ASTM D86-90e2 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
1982ASTM D86-82e2 Standard Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
1978ASTM D86-78 Standard Method for Distillation Of Petroleum Products