ASTM D4868-17
Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net and Gross Heat of Combustion of Hydrocarbon Burner and Diesel Fuels

Standard No.

ASTM D4868-17

Release Date

2017

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Latest

ASTM D4868-17

Scope

1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the gross and net heat of combustion in SI units, megajoules per kilogram, of hydrocarbon fuels and blendstocks from the fuel density and sulfur, water, and ash contents. 1.1.1 This test method is not applicable to fuels containing non-hydrocarbons such as alcohols (for example, ethanol, methanol), ethers (for example, MTBE), or esters (for example, biodiesel). NOTE 1—The equation for estimation of net and gross heat of combustion used in this method was originally published as NBS Miscellaneous Publication No. 97. 1.2 This test method is especially useful for estimating, using a minimum number of tests, the heat of combustion of burner and diesel fuels (which do not contain non-hydrocarbon components) for which it is not usually critical to obtain very precise heat determinations. NOTE 2—More accurate estimation methods are available for aviation fuels (Test Methods D1405, D4529,and D3338). However, those estimation methods require additional tests to those required in this test method. 1.3 This test method is purely empirical (Note 1). It was derived using liquid hydrocarbon fuels produced by normal refining processes from conventional crude oil that conform to the requirements of specifications for petroleum fuels as described in Note 3. This test method is valid for those fuels in the density range from 750 kg/m3 to 1000 kg/m3 and those that do not contain an unusually high aromatic content. High aromatic content fuels will not normally meet some fuel specification criteria. NOTE 3—The estimation of the heat of combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel from its density and sulfur, water, and ash content is justifiable only when the fuel belongs to well-defined classes for which a relationship between these quantities have been derived from accurate experimental measurements on representative samples of these classes. Even in these classes, the possibility that the estimate can be in error for individual fuels should be recognized. This test method has been tested for a limited number of fuels from oil sand bitumen and shale oil origin and has been found to be valid. The classes of fuels used to establish the correlation presented in this test method are represented by the following applications: Fuel (not applicable to any fuels containing nonhydrocarbon components) Specification Fuel Oils Grades No. 1, 2, 4 (light), 4, 5 (light), 5 (heavy), and 6 D396 Diesel Grades No. 1-D, 2-D, and 4-D D975 Aviation Turbine Jet A and Jet A-1 D1655 Jet B D6615 Gas Turbine Grades No. 0-GT, 1-GT, 2-GT, 3-GT, and 4-GT D2880 Kerosene Grades No. 1-K and 2-K D3699 1.4 This test method is not applicable to pure hydrocarbon compounds. It is not intended as a substitute for highly accurate experimental measurements of heat of combustion (Note 4). NOTE 4—The procedures for the experimental determination of the gross and net heats of combustion are described in Test Methods D240 and D4809. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ASTM D4868-17 Referenced Document

• ASTM D1266 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
• ASTM D129 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General Bomb Method)
• ASTM D1298 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
• ASTM D1405 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
• ASTM D1480 Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnometer
• ASTM D1481 Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnometer
• ASTM D1552 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method)
• ASTM D1655 Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
• ASTM D1744 Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent
• ASTM D1796 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
• ASTM D240 Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
• ASTM D2622 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• ASTM D2880 Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
• ASTM D3338 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
• ASTM D3699 Standard Specification for Kerosine
• ASTM D396 Standard Specification for Fuel Oils
• ASTM D4052 Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
• ASTM D4294 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
• ASTM D4529 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
• ASTM D4809 Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)
• ASTM D482 Standard Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products*， 2019-11-01 Update
• ASTM D5453 Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence*， 2019-07-01 Update
• ASTM D6304 Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration*， 2020-12-01 Update
• ASTM D6615 Standard Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine Fuel*， 2022-07-01 Update
• ASTM D7039 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectro*， 2020-05-01 Update
• ASTM D95 Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
• ASTM D975 Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils

ASTM D4868-17 history

• 2017 ASTM D4868-17 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net and Gross Heat of Combustion of Hydrocarbon Burner and Diesel Fuels
• 2000 ASTM D4868-00(2010) Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net and Gross Heat of Combustion of Burner and Diesel Fuels
• 2000 ASTM D4868-00(2005) Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net and Gross Heat of Combustion of Burner and Diesel Fuels
• 2000 ASTM D4868-00 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net and Gross Heat of Combustion of Burner and Diesel Fuels
• 1990 ASTM D4868-90(1995)e1 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net and Gross Heat of Combustion of Burner and Diesel Fuels