ASTM E399-22
Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials

Standard No.

ASTM E399-22

Release Date

2022

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Status

Be replaced

Replace By

ASTM E399-23

Latest

ASTM E399-23

Scope

1.1 This test method covers the determination of fracture toughness (KIc and optionally KIsi) of metallic materials under predominantly linear-elastic, plane-strain conditions using fatigue precracked specimens having a thickness of 1.6 mm (0.063 in.) or greater2 subjected to slowly, or in special (elective) cases rapidly, increasing crack-displacement force. Details of test apparatus, specimen configuration, and experimental procedure are given in the annexes. Two procedures are outlined for using the experimental data to calculate fracture toughness values: 1.1.1 The KIc test procedure is described in the main body of this test standard and is a mandatory part of the testing and results reporting procedure for this test method. The KIc test procedure is based on crack growth of up to 2 % percent of the specimen width. This can lead to a specimen size dependent rising fracture toughness resistance curve, with larger specimens producing higher fracture toughness results. 1.1.2 The KIsi test procedure is described in Appendix X1 and is an optional part of this test method. The KIsi test procedure is based on a fixed amount of crack extension of 0.5 mm, and as a result, KIsi is less sensitive to specimen size than KIc. This less size-sensitive fracture toughness, KIsi, is called size-insensitive throughout this test method. Appendix X1 contains an optional procedure for reinterpreting the forcedisplacement test record recorded as part of this test method to calculate the additional fracture toughness value, KIsi. NOTE 1—Plane-strain fracture toughness tests of materials thinner than 1.6 mm (0.063 in.) that are sufficiently brittle (see 7.1) can be made using other types of specimens (1).3 There is no standard test method for such thin materials. 1.2 This test method is divided into two parts. The first part gives general recommendations and requirements for testing and includes specific requirements for the KIc test procedure. The second part consists of Annexes that give specific information on displacement gage and loading fixture design, special requirements for individual specimen configurations, and detailed procedures for fatigue precracking. Additional annexes are provided that give specific procedures for beryllium and rapid-force testing, and the KIsi test procedure, which provides an optional additional analysis procedure for the test data collected as part of the KIc test procedure. 1.3 General information and requirements common to all specimen configurations: Section Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Stress-Intensity Factor 3.1.1 Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness 3.1.2 Crack Plane Orientation 3.1.4 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use 5 Significance 5.1 Precautions 5.1.1 – 5.1.5 Practical Applications 5.2 Apparatus (see also 1.4) 6 Tension Machine 6.1 Fatigue Machine 6.2 Loading Fixtures 6.3 Displacement Gage, Measurement 6.4 Specimen Size, Configurations, and Preparation (see also 1.5) 7 Specimen Size Estimates 7.1 Standard and Alternative Specimen Configurations 7.2 Fatigue Crack Starter Notches 7.3.1 Fatigue Precracking (see also 1.6) 7.3.2 Crack Extension Beyond Starter Notch 7.3.2.2 General Procedure 8 Specimen Measurements Thickness 8.2.1 Width 8.2.2 Crack Size 8.2.3 Crack Plane Angle 8.2.4 Specimen Testing Loading Rate 8.3 Test Record 8.4 Calculation and Interpretation of Results 9 Test Record Analysis 9.1 Pmax/PQ Validity Requirement 9.1.3 Specimen Size Validity Requirements 9.1.4 Reporting 10 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.07 on Fracture Mechanics. Current edition approved June 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as E399 – 20a. DOI: 10.1520/ E0399-22. 2 For additional information relating to the fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys, see Practice B645. 3 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 Section Precision and Bias 11 1.4 Specific requirements related to test apparatus: Double-Cantilever Displacement Gage Annex A1 Testing Fixtures Annex A2 Bend Specimen Loading Fixture Annex A2.1 Compact Specimen Loading Clevis Annex A2.2 1.5 Specific requirements related to individual specimen configurations: Bend Specimen SE(B) Annex A3 Compact Specimen C(T) Annex A4 Disk-Shaped Compact Specimen DC(T) Annex A5 Arc-Shaped Tension Specimen A(T) Annex A6 Arc-Shaped Bend Specimen A(B) Annex A7 1.6 Specific requirements related to special test procedures: Fatigue Precracking KIc and KIsi Specimens Annex A8 Hot-Pressed Beryllium Testing Annex A9 Rapid-Force Testing Annex A10 Determination of KIsi Appendix X1 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM E399-22 Referenced Document

• ASTM B645 Standard Practice for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum Alloys
• ASTM B909 Standard Guide for Plane Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Non-Stress Relieved Aluminum Products
• ASTM E177 Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• ASTM E1820 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness
• ASTM E1823 Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
• ASTM E1921 Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, T_o, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range
• ASTM E1942 Standard Guide for Evaluating Data Acquisition Systems Used in Cyclic Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics Testing
• ASTM E3076 Standard Practice for Determination of the Slope in the Linear Region of a Test Record
• ASTM E337 Standard Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)
• ASTM E4 Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• ASTM E456 Standard Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics
• ASTM E647 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
• ASTM E691 Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• ASTM E8/E8M Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials*， 2024-01-01 Update

ASTM E399-22 history

• 2023 ASTM E399-23 Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials
• 2022 ASTM E399-22 Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials
• 2020 ASTM E399-20a Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials
• 2020 ASTM E399-20 Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness K_IC of Metallic Materials
• 2019 ASTM E399-19 Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness K_IC of Metallic Materials
• 2017 ASTM E399-17 Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness KIc of Metallic Materials
• 2012 ASTM E399-12e3 Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness KIc of Metallic Materials
• 2012 ASTM E399-12e2 Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness KIc of Metallic Materials
• 2012 ASTM E399-12e1 Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness KIc of Metallic Materials
• 2012 ASTM E399-12 Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness K Ic of Metallic Materials
• 2009 ASTM E399-09e2 Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness _Ic of Metallic Materials
• 2009 ASTM E399-09e1 Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness K Ic of Metallic Materials
• 2009 ASTM E399-09 Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness K Ic of Metallic Materials
• 2008 ASTM E399-08 Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness K Ic of Metallic Materials
• 2006 ASTM E399-06e2 Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness K Ic of Metallic Materials
• 2006 ASTM E399-06e1 Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness K_Ic of Metallic Materials
• 2006 ASTM E399-06 Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness K _Ic of Metallic Materials
• 2005 ASTM E399-05 Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness K_IC of Metallic Materials
• 1990 ASTM E399-90(1997) Standard Test Method for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials