This publication to areas in which hydrogen or hydrogen-containing fluids are processed@ stored loaded and unloaded@ or otherwise handled in petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants. Many processing facilities consist of specialized equipment within which liquids or vapors are continuously processed in contact with hydrogen at elevated temperatures and pressures. In some cases@ the equipment operates under conditions where both chemical and physical changes occur in carbon steel making it unsuitable for safe operation. Alloy steels can be used under these conditions@ but there is an economic incentive to use the lowest alloy steel that is satisfactory. This publication summarizes the results of experimental tests and data from operating plants where practical operating limits for carbon and alloy steels for all degrees of severity of service have been established. Additional effects resulting from cold working or heat treating are also discussed. Hydrogenation processes@ together with considerations of operating continuity@ dictate standards or materials that are not warranted in other operations of the petroleum industry. Although these recommendations have been prepared for refinery areas@ it is recognized that a modern refinery encompasses facilities which extend beyond the scope of historically accepted refining operations. Petrochemical and chemical facilities are often interrelated both physically and by process procedure with refining equipment. The practices recommended herein can be applied to these additional facilities to the extent that such physical relationships or similar environmental aspects exist. These practices can also be applied to hydrogenation plants not connected with refineries; the more common plants are those that manufacture ammonia@ methanol@ edible oils@ and higher alcohols.
API PUBL 941-1977 history
1983API PUBL 941-1983 Steels for Hydrogen Service at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures in Petroleum Refineries and Petrochemical Plants (THIRD EDITION)
1977API PUBL 941-1977 Steels for Hydrogen Service at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures in Petroleum Refineries and Petrochemical Plants (SECOND EDITION)
1970API PUBL 941-1970 STEELS FOR HYDROGEN SERVICE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES IN PETROLEUM REFINERIES AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS (FIRST EDITION)