ESDU 86032 provides a method for determining when the heat flux exceeds a critical value at which the liquid will not wet the wall (the condition of dry-out). A study was made of the accuracy of prediction of a number of methods compared with a wide range of experimental data taken from the literature for water@ Refrigerant 12 and nitrogen. The tabular method of Groeneveld was found to be the best@ and some improvements were made to it for inclusion in ESDU 86032. A step-by-step procedure for using the method is given@ together with a worked example@ and graphs show the accuracy of prediction achieved.
ESDU 86032 A-2007 history
2007ESDU 86032 A-2007 Boiling inside tubes: critical heat flux for upward flow in uniformly heated vertical tubes.