ASTM E94/E94M-22
Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic Film

Standard No.

ASTM E94/E94M-22

Release Date

2022

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Latest

ASTM E94/E94M-22

Scope

1.1 This guide2 covers satisfactory X-ray and gamma-ray radiographic examination as applied to industrial radiographic film recording. It includes statements about preferred practice without discussing the technical background which justifies the preference. A bibliography of several textbooks and standard documents of other societies is included for additional information on the subject. 1.2 This guide covers types of materials to be examined; radiographic examination techniques and production methods; radiographic film selection, processing, viewing, and storage; maintenance of inspection records; and a list of available reference radiograph documents. NOTE 1—Further information is contained in Guide E999, Practice E1025, Practice E1030/E1030M, and Practice E1032. 1.3 The use of digital radiography has expanded and follows many of the same general principles of film based radiography but with many important differences. The user is referred to standards for digital radiography [E2597, E2698, E2736, and E2737 for digital detector array (DDA) radiography and E2007, E2033, E2445/E2445M, and E2446 for computed radiography(CR)] if considering the use of digital radiography. 1.4 Interpretation and Acceptance Standards— Interpretation and acceptance standards are not covered by this guide, beyond listing the available reference radiograph documents for castings and welds. Designation of accept reject standards is recognized to be within the cognizance of product specifications and generally a matter of contractual agreement between producer and purchaser. 1.5 Safety Practices—Problems of personnel protection against X-rays and gamma-rays are not covered by this guide. For information on this important aspect of radiography, reference should be made to the current document of the National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurement, Federal Register, U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, National Bureau of Standards, and to state and local regulations, if such exist. For specific radiation safety information, refer to NIST Handbook ANSI 43.3, 21 CFR 1020.40, and 29 CFR 1910.1096 or state regulations for agreement states. 1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inchpound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system should be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.7 If an NDT agency is used, the agency should be qualified in accordance with Specification E543. 1.8 Personnel Qualification—If specified in the contractual agreement, personnel performing examinations to this guide should be qualified in accordance with a nationally or internationally recognized NDT personnel qualification practice or standard and certified by the employer or certifying agency, as applicable. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See 1.5.) 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology (X and Gamma) Method. Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E94/E94M – 17. DOI: 10.1520/E0094_E0094M-22. 2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Guide SE-94 in Section V of that Code. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 

ASTM E94/E94M-22 Referenced Document

• ASTM E1000 Standard Guide for Radioscopy
• ASTM E1025 Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology
• ASTM E1030/E1030M Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings
• ASTM E1032 Standard Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Weldments
• ASTM E1079 Standard Practice for Calibration of Transmission Densitometers
• ASTM E1165 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Focal Spots of Industrial X-Ray Tubes by Pinhole Imaging
• ASTM E1254 Standard Guide for Storage of Radiographs and Unexposed Industrial Radiographic Films
• ASTM E1316 Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations*， 2024-02-01 Update
• ASTM E1390 Standard Guide for Illuminators Used for Viewing Industrial Radiographs
• ASTM E1453 Standard Guide for Storage of Media That Contains Analog or Digital Radioscopic Data
• ASTM E1475 Standard Guide for Data Fields for Computerized Transfer of Digital Radiological Test Data
• ASTM E1735 Standard Test Method for Determining Relative Image Quality of Industrial Radiographic Film Exposed to X-Radiation from 4 to 25 MV
• ASTM E1742/E1742M Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination*， 2024-01-17 Update
• ASTM E1815 Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography
• ASTM E1817 Standard Practice for Controlling Quality of Radiological Examination by Using Representative Quality Indicators (RQIs)
• ASTM E1936 Standard Reference Radiograph for Evaluating the Performance of Radiographic Digitization Systems
• ASTM E2007 Standard Guide for Computed Radiography*， 2023-06-01 Update
• ASTM E2033 Standard Practice for Computed Radiology (Photostimulable Luminescence Method)
• ASTM E2339 Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE)
• ASTM E2445/E2445M Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation and Long-Term Stability of Computed Radiography Systems
• ASTM E2446 Standard Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Computed Radiography Systems*， 2023-08-01 Update
• ASTM E2597 Standard Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Digital Detector Arrays*， 2024-04-22 Update
• ASTM E2698 Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination Using Digital Detector Arrays
• ASTM E2736 Standard Guide for Digital Detector Array Radiography
• ASTM E2737 Standard Practice for Digital Detector Array Performance Evaluation and Long-Term Stability*， 2023-07-01 Update
• ASTM E2903 Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Effective Focal Spot Size of Mini and Micro Focus X-ray Tubes
• ASTM E3169 Standard Guide for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE)
• ASTM E543 Standard Practice for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
• ASTM E746 Standard Test Method for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Film
• ASTM E747 Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology
• ASTM E801 Standard Practice for Controlling Quality of Radiological Examination of Electronic Devices
• ASTM E999 Standard Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Radiographic Film Processing
• ISO 14096-2 Non-destructive testing - Qualification of radiographic film digitisation systems - Part 2: Minimum requirements
• ISO 18901 Imaging materials - Processed silver-gelatin-type black-and-white films - Specifications for stability
• ISO 18902 Imaging materials - Processed imaging materials - Albums, framing and storage materials
• ISO 18917 Photography - Determination of residual thiosulfate and other related chemicals in processed photographic materials - Methods using iodine-amylose, methylene blue and silver sulfide

ASTM E94/E94M-22 history

• 2022 ASTM E94/E94M-22 Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic Film
• 2017 ASTM E94/E94M-17 Standard Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental Fate
• 2004 ASTM E94-04(2010) Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination
• 2004 ASTM E94-04 Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination
• 2000 ASTM E94-00 Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination