ASTM D4294-21
Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Standard No.

ASTM D4294-21

Release Date

2021

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Latest

ASTM D4294-21

Scope

1.1 This test method covers the determination of total sulfur in petroleum and petroleum products that are single-phase and either liquid at ambient conditions, liquefiable with moderate heat, or soluble in hydrocarbon solvents. These materials can include diesel fuel, jet fuel, kerosine, other distillate oil, naphtha, residual oil, lubricating base oil, hydraulic oil, crude oil, unleaded gasoline, gasoline-ethanol blends, biodiesel (see Note 2), and similar petroleum products. NOTE 1—Oxygenated fuels with ethanol or methanol contents exceeding the limits given in Table 1 can be dealt with using this test method, but the precision and bias statements do not apply (see Appendix X3). NOTE 2—For samples with high oxygen contents (>3 % by weight) sample dilution as described in 1.3 or matrix matching must be performed to assure accurate results. 1.2 Interlaboratory studies on precision revealed the scope to be 17 mg ⁄kg to 4.6 % by mass. An estimate of this test method’s pooled limit of quantitation (PLOQ) is 16.0 mg ⁄kg as calculated by the procedures in Practice D6259. However, because instrumentation covered by this test method can vary in sensitivity, the applicability of the test method at sulfur concentrations below approximately 20 mg/kg must be determined on an individual basis. An estimate of the limit of detection is three times the reproducibility standard deviation, and an estimate of the limit of quantitation2 is ten times the reproducibility standard deviation. 1.3 Samples containing more than 4.6 % by mass sulfur can be diluted to bring the sulfur concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method. Samples that are diluted can have higher errors than indicated in Section 17 than non-diluted samples. 1.4 Volatile samples (such as high vapor pressure gasolines or light hydrocarbons) may not meet the stated precision because of selective loss of light materials during the analysis. 1.5 A fundamental assumption in this test method is that the standard and sample matrices are well matched, or that the matrix differences are accounted for (see 6.2). Matrix mismatch can be caused by C/H ratio differences between samples and standards (see Section 6) or by the presence of other heteroatoms. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM D4294-21 Referenced Document

• ASTM D4057 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
• ASTM D4175 Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants*， 2023-07-01 Update
• ASTM D4177 Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
• ASTM D6259 Standard Practice for Determination of a Pooled Limit of Quantitation
• ASTM D6299 Standard Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System Performance*， 2023-07-01 Update
• ASTM D7343 Standard Practice for Optimization, Sample Handling, Calibration, and Validation of X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Methods for Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
• ASTM E29 Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications

ASTM D4294-21 history

• 2021 ASTM D4294-21 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• 2016 ASTM D4294-16e1 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• 2016 ASTM D4294-16 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• 2010 ASTM D4294-10 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• 2008 ASTM D4294-08ae1 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• 2008 ASTM D4294-08a Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• 2008 ASTM D4294-08 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• 2003 ASTM D4294-03 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• 2002 ASTM D4294-02 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
• 1998 ASTM D4294-98 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
• 1998 ASTM D4294-90(1998)e1 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy