ASTM D6923-23
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure

Standard No.

ASTM D6923-23

Release Date

2023

Published By

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Latest

ASTM D6923-23

Scope

1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil under modern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measures the oil’s deposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance to oil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.3 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size, or where a sole source supplier is specified. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants. Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D6923 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/ D6923-23. 2 Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong Drive, Freeport, PA 16229. Attention: Director. This edition incorporates revisions in all information Letters through No. 23-1. 3 Available from Caterpillar Inc., Engine System Technology Development, P.O. Box 610, Mossville, IL 61552-0610. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this test method does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety). 1.4 The following is the Table of Contents: Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use 5 Apparatus and Installation 6 Intake Air System 6.2.1 Exhaust System 6.2.2 Fuel System 6.2.3 Oil Consumption System 6.2.4 Engine Oil System 6.2.5 Engine Coolant System 6.2.6 Engine Instrumentation 6.2.7 Reagents and Materials 7 Oil Samples 8 Preparation of Apparatus 9 General Engine Assembly Practices 9.1 Complete Engine Inspection 9.2 Copper Component 9.3 Engine Lubricant System Flush 9.4 Engine Piston Cooling Jet 9.5 Engine Measurements and Inspections 9.6 Cylinder Head 9.7 Valve Guide Bushings 9.8 Fuel Injector 9.9 Piston and Rings 9.10 Cylinder Liner 9.11 Compression Ratio 9.12 Engine Timing 9.13 Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure 9.14 Calibration and Standardization 10 Test Cell Instrumentation 10.1 Instrumentation Standards 10.2 Coolant Flow 10.3 Fuel Injectors 10.4 Air Flow 10.5 Intake Air Barrel 10.6 Fuel Filter 10.7 Oil Scale Flow Rates 10.8 Test Stand Calibration 10.9 Re-calibration Requirements 10.9.1 Extending Test Stand Calibration Period 10.9.2 Test Run Numbering 10.10 Humidity Calibration Requirements 10.11 Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters 10.12 Procedure 11 Engine Break-in Procedure 11.1 Cool-down Procedure 11.2 Warm-up Procedure 11.3 Shutdowns and Lost Time 11.4 Periodic Measurements 11.5 Engine Control Systems 11.6 Engine Coolant 11.6.1 Engine Fuel System 11.6.2 Engine Oil Temperature 11.6.3 Exhaust Pressure 11.6.4 Intake Air 11.6.5 Post-Test Procedures 11.7 Piston Ring Side Clearances 11.7.1 Piston Ratings 11.7.2 Ring Gap End Increase 11.7.3 Cylinder Liner Wear 11.7.4 Cylinder Liner Bore Polish 11.7.5 Photographs 11.7.6 Calculation and Interpretation of Results 12 Test Validity 12.1 Calculations 12.4 Quality Index 12.4.1 Oil Consumption 12.4.2 Report 13 Forms and Data Dictionary 13.1 Test Validity 13.2 Report Specifics 13.3 Precision and Bias 14 Precision 14.1 Bias 14.2 Keywords 9.11.1 Annexes Engine and Parts Warranty Annex A1 Instrument Locations, Measurements and Calculations Annex A2 Cooling System Arrangement Annex A3 Intake Air Mass Flow Sensor Installation Annex A4 Fuel System Design and Required Components Annex A5 Oil System Annex A6 Additional Report Forms Annex A7 Engine Assembly and Inspection Information Annex A8 Flushing Instructions and Apparatus Annex A9 Warm-up, Cool-down and Testing Conditions Annex A10 Piston and Liner Rating Modifications Annex A11 Return Goods Authorization Claim Form Annex A12 Appendixes Various Examples of Supplemental Information for Reference Purposes Appendix X1 Safety Appendix X2 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM D6923-23 Referenced Document

• ASTM D1298 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
• ASTM D130 Standard Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
• ASTM D1319 Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
• ASTM D235 Standard Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
• ASTM D2622 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• ASTM D2709 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
• ASTM D3338 Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
• ASTM D3524 Standard Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
• ASTM D4052 Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
• ASTM D4175 Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• ASTM D445 Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
• ASTM D4485 Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
• ASTM D4739 Standard Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Titration
• ASTM D4863 Standard Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants*， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM D5185 Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
• ASTM D524 Standard Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
• ASTM D5302 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
• ASTM D5844 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)
• ASTM D5862 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Two-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel Engine
• ASTM D5966 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel Engine
• ASTM D5967 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine
• ASTM D613 Standard Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
• ASTM D6202 Standard Test Method for Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the Sequence VIA Spark Ignition Engine *， 2024-04-21 Update
• ASTM D6594 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135 °C
• ASTM D664 Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
• ASTM D6681 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
• ASTM D86 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
• ASTM D93 Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• ASTM D97 Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
• ASTM D976 Standard Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
• ASTM E29 Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• ASTM E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry*， 2023-12-01 Update
• ASTM G40 Standard Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
• SAE J183 Overlap Shear Test for Sealant Adhesive Bonding of Automotive Glass Encapsulating Material to Body Opening@ Recommended Practice

ASTM D6923-23 history

• 2023 ASTM D6923-23 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
• 2018 ASTM D6923-18 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
• 2017 ASTM D6923-17 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
• 2014 ASTM D6923-14 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Enginemdash;Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
• 2013 ASTM D6923-13 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Enginemdash;Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
• 2010 ASTM D6923-10a Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine&8212;Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
• 2010 ASTM D6923-10 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine&8212;Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
• 2009 ASTM D6923-09 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine8212;Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
• 2008 ASTM D6923-08 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine8212;Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
• 2005 ASTM D6923-05 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine8212;Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
• 2003 ASTM D6923-03 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine8212;Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure