API STD 2534-1970
Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meter Systems (First Edition)
- Standard No.
- API STD 2534-1970
- Release Date
- 1970
- Published By
- API - American Petroleum Institute
- Latest
- API STD 2534-1970
- Scope
- INTRODUCTION This standard has been prepared as a guide for design@ installation@ and operation of turbine meter systems in liquid hydrocarbon service. Primary emphasis is placed on the turbine meter and its accessories@ but many of the concepts and innovations described are adaptable to other devices concerned with the volumetric measurement of liquid hydrocarbons. For details of specific equipment previously documented by the American Petroleum Institute@ refer to API Standard 1101: Measurement of Petroleum Liquid Hydrocarbons by Positive Displacement Meter (ANSI Z 11.170-1965). API Standard 2531: Mechanical Displacement Meter Provers (Z11.171-1965)@ and API RP 2533: Metering Viscous Hydrocarbons. The turbine meter has been recognized as an acceptable quantity measuring device for many years; however@ its usefulness to the oil industry has become apparent only during the past decade. Improvements to the measuring element and the ever-increasing rates of flow jointly account for vigorous interest in a compact@ mechanically simple@ long-lived liquid meter. The turbine meter consists of a rotor or propeller which senses the linear velocity of a flowing stream. The moving liquid imparts a rotational or tangential velocity to the rotor which is proportional to rate of flow. The movement of the rotor is detected by mechanical@ optical@ or electrical means and is recorded on an appropriate readout device. Turbine meters have typical performance characteristics that are best described by meter performance curves. (see Appendix A@ Fig. A-I). Principal parameters@ such as flow range ability within tolerable limits of linearity and repeatability@ are related to fluid properties (i.e.@ density@ viscosity@ and vapor pressure) and to mechanical meter characteristics (i.e .. rotor mass. bearing friction@ magnetic drag@ and wetted area relating to fluid imposed drag on the turbine or rotor). The combination of fluid properties and mechanical meter characteristics produces a deviation from an ideal of meter linearity. Accordingly@ turbine meter selection should be governed by an assessment of the characteristic curves of the proposed turbine meter. Turbine meters selected for the noted operating criteria@ when properly installed and carefully proved@ will perform continuous measurement with a minimum of inaccuracy. Mechanically. turbine meters are well able to withstand the rigors imposed by severe flow over ranging accompanied by extreme flow pulsations. However@ they are susceptible to damage from extraneous solids entrained in the liquid@ particularly if these are of significant size@ but finely divided solid particles generally pass through the meter without causing damage. In rare cases where large objects become lodged in the meter@ even to the point of stalling a rotor. fluid blockage with resultant over pressurization of the system is not likely to occur.
API STD 2534-1970 history
- 1970 API STD 2534-1970 Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meter Systems (First Edition)
