The purpose of D16.3M/D16.3:2009@ Risk Assessment Guide for Robotic Arc Welding@ is to identify and evaluate potential safety hazards associated with robotic arc welding. It is not intended to be a guideline for other robotic applications. This guide is intended for persons performing risk assessment and applies to arc welding robots and robot arc welding systems performing the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) or flux cored arc welding (FCAW) process. It is not intended to be a guideline for other robotic applications@ such as: (1) Automatic guided vehicle systems@ (2) Undersea and space robots@ (3) Automatic conveyor and shuttle systems@ (4) Teleoperators@ (5) Mobile robots@ and (6) Multiple robots. This standard makes use of both the International System of Units (SI) and U.S. Customary Units. The latter are shown within brackets ([ ]) or in appropriate columns in tables and figures. The measurements may not be exact equivalents; therefore@ each system must be used independently. The inclusion of all safety@ health issues@ and concerns are beyond the scope of any one document and therefore are not fully addressed herein. Safety and health information is available from other sources@ including@ but not limited to@ ANSI Z49.1@ Safety in Welding@ Cutting@ and Allied Processes@ and applicable federal and state regulations.