This specification specifies the sampling and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis methods for thirteen aldehyde and ketone carbonyl compounds in ambient air and indoor air. Thirteen types of aldehydes and ketone carbonyl compounds include: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, propionaldehyde, acrolein, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, valeraldehyde, hexanal, o-methylbenzaldehyde, 2,5-Dimethylbenzaldehyde.